A Brief Review of US Silver Dollar History
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People who’ve been away from the coin hobby for a while always ask us, “What happened to all those silver dollars?” It’s a great question because Morgan Silver Dollars were originally minted by the millions every year starting in 1878. They once were easy to obtain & collect. Originally, silver dollars were very popular in the American West where they were used at stores, bars and poker games.
90% Silver, 100% History
As a result, most silver dollars ended up in circulation where the soft, 90% silver faces wore down quickly. These “circulated” coins scratched easily, tarnished to a black color, and were quite unattractive for serious coin collectors to put away. Many worn out coins were returned to mint, melted down, and the silver was recycled into new coins.
Putting the silver dollar into perspective takes a little consideration. In 1880 a laborer earned about $1.50 a day. A railroad engineer and a blacksmith earned a little more than $2.00 a day. Working people couldn't afford to put away coins for the fun of it. In this era, coin collecting was known as the “hobby of kings” because the average working American simply couldn’t afford to hoard away many silver dollars.
The Great Silver Meltdowns
In the long run, it was the U.S. Government that proved to be the biggest enemy of the silver dollar. It started with the Pittman Act of 1918 and the Great Silver Meltdown that caused 270,232,722 silver dollars to be melted into silver bullion bars.
The surviving silver dollars were held at Fort Knox or in banks, where they could be obtained on special request. In fact, into the early 1960’s you could walk into a bank and demand that they take your “paper dollars” and give you genuine U.S. Silver Dollars. Unfortunately, the bank silver dollars were typically dirty, scratched up, and pretty well worn.
U.S. Silver Coins went from 90% silver to 40% silver to the elimination of all silver coinage by the end of 1964. Smart coin collectors hoarded away silver coins and in no time silver coins and silver dollars disappeared from circulation completely.
Silver Hit $50 – Millions More Silver Dollars Lost
If you recall, the Hunt Brothers cornered the silver market in the 1970s. Back in 1973, silver traded in the $1.95 range. In early 1979, the price was near $5.00. By early 1980, silver topped $50 an ounce. The illegal manipulation of the silver market by the Hunt Brothers forever changed the U.S. coin market.
As silver prices soared, collectors eagerly sold their worn silver dollars and silver coins. Morgan Silver Dollars that they paid $1.00 for suddenly had a melt value of $25 to $35 each, regardless of the rarity or date of most coins. Back then, you could literally trade your coin collection for a car! Many people did exactly that.
Little did they know that these historic silver dollars went directly to the melting pot and were converted into 100 ounce silver bars. The final great meltdown of U.S. Silver Dollars in the late 1970s left the coin collecting industry forever changed. Once common silver dollar dates were later found to be quite scarce and hard to find.
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